Diet and Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Gut in Disharmony

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Abstract

Bacterial colonization of the gut shapes both the local and the systemic immune response and is implicated in the modulation of immunity in both healthy and disease states. Recently, quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the gut microbiota have been detected in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, reinforcing the hypothesis of dysbiosis as a relevant mechanism underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Humans and microbes have co-existed and co-evolved for a long time in a mutually beneficial symbiotic association essential for maintaining homeostasis. However, the microbiome is dynamic, changing with age and in response to environmental modifications. Among such environmental factors, food and alimentary habits, progressively altered in modern societies, appear to be critical modulators of the microbiota, contributing to or co-participating in dysbiosis. In addition, food constituents such as micronutrients are important regulators of mucosal immunity, with direct or indirect effects on the gut microbiota. Moreover, food constituents have recently been shown to modulate epigenetic mechanisms, which can result in increased risk for the development and progression of IBD. Therefore, it is likely that a better understanding of the role of different food components in intestinal homeostasis and the resident microbiota will be essential for unravelling the complex molecular basis of the epigenetic, genetic and environment interactions underlying IBD pathogenesis as well as for offering dietary interventions with minimal side effects.

Details
Title
Diet and Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Gut in Disharmony
Type of Article
Related Research
Diets studied
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Date
March 28, 2017
Author(s)
Rapozo DCM et al
Publication
World Journal of Gastroenterology
Citation

Rapozo, D. C. M., Bernardazzi, C., & de Souza, H. S. P. (2017). Diet and microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: The gut in disharmony. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 23(12), 2124–2140. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2124

ISSN Number
1007-9327
Volume
23
Pages
2124-2140

Therefore, it is likely that a better understanding of the role of different food components in intestinal homeostasis and the resident microbiota will be essential for unravelling the complex molecular basis of the epigenetic, genetic and environment interactions underlying IBD pathogenesis as well as for offering dietary interventions with minimal side effects.

Somebody in the kitch - view from the back while preparing healthy foods. Cutting board with various healthy foodsPink Milkshake and fruits on a white table and pink backgroundWoman stirring in a pot with vegetables.on the stove

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